Unlike the three way catalytic converter, 2-way catalytic
converters are used to reduce CO and HC gases. 2 way converters don’t eliminate
or eliminate very little amount of NOX. They are made of only
oxidation catalysts (platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd)).
It is made of honeycomb ceramic structure with a coating of
alumina. A secondary coat of precious materials, platinum and palladium is
applied to the structure.
The oxidation catalyst is honeycomb shaped structure made of
platinum and palladium. Since, it is an oxidation reaction; the catalyst will
try to attract the oxygen atoms. The CO bond is strong enough to be split by
the catalyst. Thus CO molecule as a whole will be attracted towards the
catalyst surface. The catalyst surface will also attract the oxygen molecules
(O2). Now, since O2 molecules’ bonds are weaker than the
CO bond, the O2 is split into individual oxygen atoms (O). The
oxygen atoms will bond with the CO molecules to form CO2.
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
The hydrocarbon (HC) molecules also get treated by the
oxidation catalyst. When HC molecules come in contact with the catalyst
surface, they are split into hydrogen (H) and carbon (C). Both hydrogen and
carbon bond with oxygen to form water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide
(CO2).
C8H18 + 17O2 →
8CO2 + 18H2O
Or
CH4 + 2O2 →
CO2 + 2H2O
Etc….
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