There are 3 types of superchargers: Roots, twin screw and
centrifugal. All these 3 superchargers employ different methods and designs to
compress and supply air to the intake manifold. In this article, I will explain
the working of a Roots supercharger.
Roots Supercharger:
Roots supercharger is the oldest model of all the three
superchargers. It was designed by Philander Roots and Francis Roots and
patented it in the year 1860. It was initially used as an air pump for
industrial applications. It is also called as Roots blower. In 1900, it was
first used in a patented design engine by Gottlieb Daimler.
Design and Working:
Roots supercharger consists of a pair of (two or three lobe)
rotors. The 2 counter rotating rotors are intermeshed with each other in a
compressor casing. The two rotors trap the air coming in from the intake port between
the lobes and push it against the compressor casing as they rotate towards the discharge
port. During each rotation, a specific amount of air is trapped and moved
towards the discharge port.
One of the characteristics of a Roots supercharger is that
the air is not compressed between the lobes when it travels from intake port to
discharge port. Air is compressed only from the point of discharge where the
air is exposed to high pressure.
It is common to find a Roots supercharger equipped with an
intercooler to cool down the compressed gases. It can provide efficiency up to
70%.
Advantages of Roots
Supercharger:
·
It can provide large boosts even at lower engine
rpm.
·
Boost is provided throughout the entire rpm
range, right from idling speed.
·
Simplicity of design
·
It is more reliable and has very few moving
parts.
Disadvantages:
·
High air discharge temperature, making it
thermally inefficient. Intercooler is a must to bring down the temperature.
·
No internal compression. The air is compressed
only after it is discharged.
·
Lower boost pressure at higher rpm.
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