The air flow pattern inside the cylinders of a diesel engine has a fundamental effect on mixture formation. The factors that influence air flow pattern are:
- The air flow generated by injection jets
- The movement of air flowing into the cylinder
- Piston movement
The whirl assisted air during the induction process helps in rapid mixture formation with the diesel fuel, which is critical for rapid combustion. With the help of swirl flaps, whirl can be regulated depending on the engine speed and load.
The intake ducts are designed as fill channels and swirl passages to allow the passage for air. The fill channel can be closed with the help of a flap (swirl flap), controlled by the engine management system. The swirl flap is closed at low engine speeds (idling speed) and is fully open at high engine speed and load. Flap can also be at an intermediate position depending on the engine speed. Swirl passages on the other hand don't employ any flap.
At low engine speeds, air is sucked via the swirl passage. The whirl is much stronger as the fill channel is closed. At high engine speeds, the fill channel is opened and this allows far more quantity of air to be inducted into the cylinder. The whirl is not strong when flaps are open.
The control over whirl function makes it possible to cut the NOx and particulate emissions to a significant effect especially at low engine speeds.
Swirl flaps are used in some car engines and is playing an important role in minimizing emissions. However, modern day trucks have diesel engines that operate at low whirl rates. Due to their smaller engine speed range and larger combustion chamber, the injection jets are sufficient to allow mixture formation.
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Swirl flaps in diesel engines are small plates or valves located in the intake manifold. They control the airflow into the engine cylinders, optimizing combustion efficiency and emissions. However, over time, these flaps can become prone to failure and cause engine issues. Some drivers choose to remove them to prevent potential problems, but this can have mixed results and impact emissions. Regular maintenance and awareness of swirl flap issues are essential for diesel engine owners.
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